Nerc 2012, what is still lacking is enough detail to assess the true nature of the vulnerabilities exposed by individ. New technologies deployed to counter the threat of gps. Mar 26, 2020 most recently, tag was acknowledged in january 2020 for our contribution in identifying cve20200674, a remote code execution vulnerability in internet explorer. Hence, gnss vulnerability mitigations steps should be given emphasis, including pnt backups, making full use of ongoing gnss modernisation programs, increased ability to identify and locate gnss. The use of mobile devices in business is increasing as employees use them for communications, creating and editing documents, storage and retrieval of data files, and. In the introduction to the book, gingrich suggested that an emp attack would throw all of our lives back to an existence equal to that of the middle ages.
Last year, tag discovered that a single threat actor was capitalizing on five zeroday vulnerabilities. Researchers will present a study at gnss vulnerabilities 20. After conducting a vulnerability scan of her network, wendy discovered the issue shown here on several servers. Bobba attack impact timing location receiver satellite accurate clock inaccurate clock range location time attack false timing false location pmu phase normal operation timing data location of satellite receiver satellite accurate clock. Global navigation satellite system gnss, inertial measurement units imu with a predefined flight plan. Gps gnss spoofing is not a novel problem for gnss experts, but 95% of cybersecurity professionals are not familiar with the issue. Terminology threat a potential cause of an incident that may result in harm to a system or organization vulnerability a weakness of an asset resource or a group of assets that can be exploited by one or more threats riskpotential for loss, damage, or destruction of an asset as a result of a threat exploiting a vulnerability example. Arrange a walkthrough of gpspatron with a member of our team. Cmgt400 v7 threats, attacks, and vulnerability assessment. A survey and analysis of the gnss spoofing threat and.
In this report, we present findings from a yearlong investigation ending in november 2018 on an emerging subset of ew activity. Atis makes gnss vulnerability recommendations amid gps. Interference and counter measures was commissioned by the. Without the ability to guide itself or be flown by a pilot using gnss data, exponentially increase the risk of crash, mission failure, loss of life and investment. Threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities domain 1 questions. Gary ackerman is an associate professor with the college of emergency preparedness, homeland security and cybersecurity at suny albany. A threat and a vulnerability are not one and the same. Countering adversaries without going to war poses of coercion by the likes of russia and iran. This free oneday event at the british national physical laboratory in teddington london on wednesday, february 22 will present results of current jamming detection, and consider emerging threats such as meaconing and spoofing. The european union eu horizon2020 project standardisation of global navigation satellite system gnss threat reporting and receiver testing through international knowledge exchange, experimentation and exploitation strike3 eu h2020 project strike3, 2017. Cyber threat actors continue to exploit unpatched software to conduct attacks against critical infrastructure organizations. For information on how gps and other satellite systems of the global navigation satellite system gnss operate, refer to our book an introduction to gnss. Within the uk, national legislation prevents the operation of a jammer but it is legal to own such a device rae, 2011.
Orbital or spacebased systems are satellites that can deliver temporary. With respect to the civiliannon encrypted gnsss, they are employed for proving positioning, navigation and timing pnt solutions across a wide range of industries. At the same time, gnss vulnerabilities are being exposed and threats to. A conceptual system architecture for countering the civilian. Pdf on the threat of systematic jamming of gnss researchgate. Gnsss gps, glonass, galileo and beidou fundamentals and algorithms. Countering the threat, held at the uks national physical laboratory, will also demonstrate a series. Attack or exploit an action taken that uses one or more vulnerabilities to realize a threat. Uavs can be remotely controlled or autonomously navigated using onboard navigation e. Of particular concern is the security of personal and business information now stored on smartphones more and more users and businesses use smartphones to communicate, but.
Vulnerabilities, threats, and authentication in satellite. The state against which coercion is most difficult and risky is. Information technology threats and vulnerabilities audience. User technology report european gnss agency europa.
Jamming the gnss data flow between the uav and pilot takes away the eyes and ears of the uas. Unjamming gps new technologies to secure satellite. Mobile security, or more specifically mobile device security, is the protection of smartphones, tablets, and laptops from threats associated with wireless computing. It is akin to the telephone book of the internet, translating domain names into ip address, so users can easily look for websites with names instead of a string of numbers. Threats, vulnerabilities, and risks threats vulnerabilities. Feb 09, 2018 cyber vulnerabilities in the maritime transportation system while cyber vulnerabilities in shipboard systems are alarming to experts, it takes an unusual skill set and precise timing to use these vulnerabilities to disrupt shipping operations or cause a serious marine casualty. It is now regularly depended on for accurate positioning, targeting and communications. Below is a summary of his explanation of the domain name system dns ecosystem, its vulnerabilities, and threat mitigations. The main threats jeopardizing gnss availability and reliability are jamming and spoofing. Managing threats and vulnerabilities in the future internet. Every such gnss based tracker is vulnerable to tampering, and gains from. Cyber risk management in the maritime transportation system. An introduction to the different threats to gnss, and how these are evolving some guidance on evaluating the susceptibility of your systems to gnss threats an overview of some of the most effective techniques available to mitigate the risk of gnss outages.
Prior to taking up his current position, ackerman held the posts of research director and then special projects director at start and the director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, a private research and analysis institute. Do not worry about the book being to narrow, the authors take a much broader view at describing the terrorist threat and we are not bogged down by new and improved guard post theories. The books main thrust was how these new terrorist organization threaten the us air force and what the air force can do to protect itself. Interference mitigation based on transformed domain techniques.
Key signal and receiver features that expose a vulnerability are identified and some means of improving receiver robustness are provided. Gps gnss has unique advantages and will remain as a key component for position, navigation and timing for the foreseeable future interference threats are widespread the gnss spectrum isn. Threats, attacks, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. Countering the threat, held at the uks national physical laboratory, will also demonstrate a series of new technologies including intelligent receivers. The greatest vulnerability of gnss be it gps, glonass or in future galileo is that its signals are weak. When received at the surface of earth they may be very low. As many as 85 percent of targeted attacks are preventable 1. Countering the threat, at the national physical laboratory in teddington, confirming that it is gps jammers available online for as little as. Understanding and mitigating the impacts of gpsgnss. These signals are typically less than 100 watts transmitted from a distance of 20,000 kms to 25,000 kms. Take on the role of a cyber security threat analyst for the approved organization you chose.
Therefore, there is wide support for mitigating actions to be taken to counter this threat. Standardisation of gnss threat reporting and receiver testing. Hardening of gnss based trackers final report jrc publications. It has become increasingly important in mobile computing. Classification of interfering sources and analysis of the effects on gnss receivers. Further threats illustrate the relationship between underlying systems vulnerabilities and the usability of safetycritical applications. The main source of synchronization of critical infrastructure is a time server with a gnss module, which is ultrasensitive to spoofing. A simplified taxonomy of manmade rf threats to gnss. The first stage in countering this threat is to establish its true nature in the context of each person or organisations own operations and use of gnss. Aug 15, 2019 this paper begins with a literature survey of 37 stateoftheart gnss threat monitoring systems, which have been analysed based on their respective operational features constellations monitored and whether they possess the capability to perform interferencetype classification, spoofing detection, and interference localisation. New technologies deployed to counter the threat of gps jamming.
Threats to satellite navigation systems sciencedirect. This survey aims to fill three gaps in the literature. Jamming is a synonym for intentional interference, which is the deliberate radiation of electromagnetic signals at gnss frequencies. This book is brought to you for free and open access by the monographs at new prairie press. Seventh framework programme fp7200720 under grant agreement number. Gps jamming quantifying the threat chronos technology ltd. This could be someone following through on a threat or exploiting a vulnerability. Like other conventional threats, knowledge of the uav technology and their capabilities is necessary prior to consider this kind of threat in the dbt. Mar 31, 2019 a cyber security threat analyst conducts analysis, digital forensics, and targeting to identify, monitor, assess, and counter cyberattack threats against information systems, critical infrastructure, and cyberrelated interests. Jun 03, 2019 9 international civil aviation organization, recommendation 68 of the 12th air navigation conference 2012planning for mitigation of global navigation satellite system gnss vulnerabilities 10 international court of justice, legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, advisory opinion, i. Many of these new ideas were presented last month at gnss vulnerabilities 20.
Pdf a survey and analysis of the gnss spoofing threat. Chinese drones in spratly islands, and chinese threats to usa forces in pacific student learning objectives the student will be reintroduced to the problem of countering hostile use of uas, uv unmanned boats uuv against u. What would be the impact of loss of electronic telephone books. Dec 26, 20 for any insider threat program to be successful, leadership must coordinate across three lines of business activity. This volume aims to improve understanding of nuclear security and the prevention of nuclear terrorism. What is the most significant direct impact of this vulnerability. Dec 01, 2018 like other conventional threats, knowledge of the uav technology and their capabilities is necessary prior to consider this kind of threat in the dbt. Cyber risk management in the maritime transportation. Modelbased evaluation of gps spoofing attacks on power grid sensors. The economic impact on the uk of a disruption to gnss gov.
Gps, glonass, galileo and other global navigation satellite systems. Top database security threats and how to mitigate them. The dns ecosystem, its vulnerabilities, and threat. Oct 22, 2018 the defense science board concluded in 20 that the adversary is in our networks. The gao adds that it and other organizations have been sounding off about such threats since the early 1990s around the time that gps itself became operational. In this book, the authors adopt a refreshingly new approach to explaining the intricacies of the security and privacy challenge that is particularly well suited to todays cybersecurity challenges. Also described is a comparative analysis of four gnss threat. At the same time, gnss vulnerabilities are being exposed and threats to denial of gnss services are increasing. The first group of papers in the issue considers the use of antenna array technology to counteract the aforementioned vulnerabilities. Journals magazines books proceedings sigs conferences collections people.
An introduction to the different threats to gnss, and how these are evolving some guidance on evaluating the susceptibility of your systems to gnss threats an overview of some of the most effective techniques available to mitigate the risk of gnss outages, errors andor cyberattacks on your critical systems. Vulnerability of satellitebased navigation signals to intentional and. Identifying vulnerabilities and protecting you from phishing. Introduction of computer system architectures, vulnerabilities, critical infrastructures, the growing threat of social networks, intelligence and counter intelligence, international laws, security policies, privacy and information liability, cyber attacks and counter cyber attacks, encryption, risk assessment, cybersecurity forensics including. A conceptual system architecture for countering the. Mar 30, 2008 vulnerabilities can exist at the network, host, or application levels and include operational practices. Risk assessment threat analysis vulnerabilities analysis. Reports of events of loss of gnss services are commonplace. This alert provides information on the 30 most commonly exploited vulnerabilities used in these attacks, along with prevention and mitigation recommendations. He was master security architect at cable and wireless and exodus communications, and professor of computer science at the university.
Such a device can spoof gnss receivers that do not implement counter measures. Eng, fiet managing director chronos technology ltd gnss vulnerability countering the threat th feb 20 npl, teddington, london. Pdf a survey and analysis of the gnss spoofing threat and. The upcoming solar maximum, which is expected to reach its peak around may 20, occurs at a time when our reliance on highprecision gnss has reached unprecedented proportions. Analytical assessment of interference on gnss signals. The littleknown challenge of maritime cyber security.
Gnss attacks are emerging as a viable, disruptive strategic threat. The greater the dependency on gnss, the more important is the availability and reliability of gnss pnt information. Proceedings of the second international conference on data mining, internet computing, and big data, reduit, mauritius 2015 cyber security. Classical digital signal processing countermeasures to interference in gnss. It is written in an academic style that is not as direct as other technical security books that i have come across. Illegal civilian gps jammers are behind the growing threat of signal interference, according to research being revealed today.
With respect to the civiliannon encrypted gnsss, they are employed for proving positioning, navigation and timing pnt solutions across a. Threats, vulnerabilities and countermeasures a perspective on the state of affairs in mauritius tikshnayah nelliah maistry, nomesh ramkurrun, mageshwaree cootignan and pierre clarel catherine school of innovative technologies and engineering, university. To ensure gnss is protected, there is now a need to respond at an. Unjamming gps new technologies to secure satellite signals. The electromagnetic environment and the global commons. However, a new threat, deliberate interference, is getting in. Challenges to security in space csis aerospace security center. Their use of the threat vulnerability countermeasure paradigm combined with extensive realworld examples throughout results in a very effective learning methodology.
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