The adult requires neither food nor water, but if offered water, sugared water, or yeast, it may consume it. We now have a wealth of knowledge about detailed aspects of mate choice, of interactions with hosts, of oviposition. Diversity in life cycle patterns of bruchids occurring in. The life cycle consisted of egg, four larval instars l 1, l 2, l 3 and l 4, pupa and adult. Preference % of callosobruchus maculatus for a half filter paper treated or not with five essential oils with concentrations a 1%, b 0. Cosmopolitan, probably of west africa origin, whence it was distributed around the globe with the trade in legumes. On the other hand, the shortest longevity was obtained with the. These weevils cause loss of quality, quantity and seed viability. The reproductive success of callosobruchus maculatus fabricius, the main insect pest of stored cowpea, may vary between strains of this beetle and between varieties of the host seeds. Once the beetle emerges as an adult, it may take 24 to 36 hours to mature completely. Factors affecting egg maturation in the bean weevil callosobruchus. We examined sexspecific and genetic variation in adult lifespan and the shape of mortality. Bean beetles callosobruchus maculatus are known to evaluate their host quality and texture of seed coat.
The adults do not require food or water and spend their limited lifespan one two weeks mating and laying eggs on beans. Multiple mating, lifetime fecundity and female mortality of. Infestation may start in the pods before harvest and carry over into storage where substantial. Bruchidae insects are the most serious pest threat to stored cowpea and the family of fabaceae, at present, are mainly controlled by fumigation. Effect of preservation with xylopia aethiopica on the shelf life of cowpea seeds. Figure 3, karyotypes of bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus, was reprinted with permission from. It is a member of the leaf beetle family, chrysomelidae, and not a true weevil.
Toxicity to, oviposition and population growth impairments. Temperature and host species affect nuptial gift size in a seed. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that species group into the chinensis and the maculatus clades. The effect of leguminous plant species on callosobruchus. Since there is no parental help to the young, reproductive. Download pdf bulletin of the national research centre. Bibliography of callosobruchus research in ecology and evolution. The beetle most likely originated in west africa and moved around the globe with the trade of. In the bean beetle, callosobruchus maculatus, the enzyme has also evolved to take on other catalytic activities busch et al. Beck, professor of pedagogy, emory university, and lawrence s.
Evolutionary diversification of the bean beetle genus. Biology of pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis on different. Chrysomelidae is a field to store pest of cowpea as its infestation starts on the dried mature pods in the field. Dec 11, 2003 we examine the effects of offspring genotype, maternal age and paternal age on offspring survival, development and adult lifespan in the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus. It was designed to determine the extent of fieid mortality of the pest from oviposition to adult emergence. Other common names include the pulse beetle, chinese bruchid and cowpea bruchid.
Callosobruchus maculatus has a karyotype of ten chromosome pairs 2n20 yadav 1971. The insect larvae represent the most destructive stage, as adult cowpea bruchid do. Callosobruchus maculatus were observed on four types of stored pulses namely green gram, cowpea, chickpea and black gram at different laboratory conditions for the assessment of host preference and better management of storage. Life cycle of bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. Biology and abundance of cowpea weevil callosobruchus.
Populations of callosobruchus maculatus vary substantially in lifespan, body size, and a suite of morphological, behavioral, and life history traits messina, 1990. Variation in egg and adult production of callosobruchus maculatus f. Reassessing the impact of food, mating and ageing on. Evaluation of the host preference and life history of. Page 1 of 4 reassessing the impact of food, mating and ageing on callosobruchus maculatus fecundity, oviposition and longevity issn. Effect of resource quality on lifespan in the bean beetle. This common pest of stored legumes has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every continent except antarctica. In this study, i begin to address the above hypotheses by examining the influence of multiple mating by female c. Bibliography of callosobruchus research in ecology and.
Toxicity to, oviposition and population growth impairments of. Bean beetles callosobruchus maculatus are found in subtropical and tropical regions. Get details about the different stages of the bean beetle life cycle along with tips for successfully culturing the creatures. The systematic placement of bean beetles is as follows.
The insect larvae represent the most destructive stage, as adult cowpea bruchid do not feed 23, 24. Aug 05, 2017 the adults do not require food or water and spend their limited lifespan one two weeks mating and laying eggs on beans. Male smaller plate and no strips female larger plate, black on the side and white strip in the centre life cycle. A laboratory experiment was conducted on the developmental biology of pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculatus f. Damage of calosobruchus maculatus, life cycle eggs are oval or spindle shaped larva is whitish sign of egg hatch. Evaluation of the host preference and life history of callosobruchus. A handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus bean. The insect rearing laboratory in department of life sciencescollege of sciences university of kirkuk for a permanent colony initialized bug added 10 pairs of insect 5 male. The result indicated that the callosobruchus maculatus f. The average of the total developmental period egg to adult was 29. Evolutionary genetics of lifespan and mortality rates in two. Females cement their eggs to the surface of host seeds, particularly beans of. Multiple mating, lifetime fecundity and female mortality.
In the past 20 years, there has been explosion of interest in the use of bruchids, almost exclusively callosobruchus maculatus, to examine a number of important elements of life history evolution. Bruchidae is a tropical beetle that develops in the seeds of vigna unguiculata. Functional maternal age affects offspring lifespan of the seed beetle, ecology 2003 17, 811820 callosobruchus maculatus c. The result indicated that the callosobruchus maculatus. Callosobruchus maculatus, to examine a number of important elements of life history evolution. Life history parameters of beetle strains from three different origins in west africa were compared on two susceptible varieties of cowpea, vigna. Bruchinae, is a cosmopolitan pest of legume seeds and is among the most serious pests of stored products in tropical countries 2022. Toxicity of bruchidresistant cultivars mit04k3991 and mit07k29992 powders as cowpea protectants against callosobruchus maculatus fab. The bean beetle is an ideal model system for examining the effect of resource quality on lifespan, as it undergoes larval and pupal stages in the endosperm of legumes, and adults do not feed. We examined the effects of resource quality on lifespan in the bean beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Effect of bean water content on the production of the active form of callosobruchus maculatus. Biology and morphometric measurement of cowpea weevil.
Credland division of biology, school of biological sciences, royal holloway, university of london, egham hill, egham, surrey, tw20 0ex received 26 september 1994. Bepls vol 2 5 april 20 25 p a g e 20 aels, india figure 1. Offspring from older parents often have shorter adult lifespans than offspring of. Pdf effect of some nanoparticles on the stages biology. In all populations studied, mean lifespan is higher for females than males, possibly due to a difference in the age at which mortality becomes agedependent tatar and carey, 1994b. Developing bean beetles as a model system for undergraduate laboratories. Females of the bruchid beetle callosobruchus maculatus fabricius often mate many times per day if males are present rup 1986.
A very short adult life span and a larval stage in which most or all life time feeding occurs is not unusual in insects for example the order ephemeroptera, mayflies, but this life cycle seems strange compared to. Nitrogen budget of callosobruchus maculatus larva developing in different host seed species. The morphometric measurements revealed that the average length and breadth of egg were 0. An investigation has been conducted on the life history and ovipositional preference of callosobruchus maculatus reared on five different pulses. Dec 01, 2003 maternal age affects offspring lifespan of the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus maternal age affects offspring lifespan of the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus fox, c. Life history parameters of beetle strains from three different origins in west africa were compared on two susceptible varieties of cowpea, vigna unguiculata l. Males with longer genital spines cause more injuries to females than males with shorter spines. Effect of five essential oils as repellents against the. Introduction although the bean weevil callosobruchus rnaculatus coleoptera. Factors affecting egg maturation in the bean weevil. Although it is commonly known as the adzuki bean weevil it is in fact not a true weevil, belonging instead to the leaf beetle family, chrysomelidae.
There are a number of species of callosobruchus that may be found attacking pulses, of which the most common and well known is c. Heredity 2004 92 2004 nature publishing group all rights. Biology of pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis on. Pdf do cowpea beetles callosobruchus maculatus display. Callosobruchus is one of the genera in the subfamily bruchinae seed beetles that is in the family chrysomeloidae kergoat et al.
Eggs laid by sibmated pairs were less likely to develop x2 1 23, p 19, p life histories in callosobruchus maculatus. Eggs laid by sibmated pairs were less likely to develop x2 1 23, p callosobruchus, bean weevil, egg maturation, oviducts, oviposition. Callosobruchusis one of the genera in the subfamily bruchinae seed beetles that is in the family chrysomeloidae kergoat et al. However, the bruchid bean beetle, callosobruchus maculatus is among most tractable. Life cycle of bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus coleoptera. The ideas resulting from these studies have informed areas of evolutionary ecology, behavioural ecology, and related disciplines. Cowpea seeds, in which white and brown areas are equals in size, were chosen for oviposition decision tests. Effect of ascorbic acid on longevity, catalase and lipid. Thermal preferences of cowpea seed beetles callosobruchus. The insect rearing laboratory in department of life sciencescollege of sciences university of kirkuk for a permanent colony initialized bug.
Life cycle consists of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult beetle. Callosobruchus maculatus is a species of beetles known commonly as the cowpea weevil or cowpea seed beetle. The reproductive and life cycles of the bean beetle are fully dependent on the host bean the female chooses to deposit her egg on. Pdf life history of flight morph females of callosobruchus. Essential oil optimizes the susceptibility of callosobruchus. A handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. Abstract the aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity and physiological. It causes serious qualitative and quantitative damage to the grains 15. Adults of most species known from stored pulses may be identified using the bruchid key in haines 1991. Wallin department of entomology, s225 agricultural science center north, university of kentucky, lexington, ky 405460091 usa summary 1. Tenebrionidae and callosobruchus maculatus coleoptera. Significantly highest numbers of eggs, shortest postoviposition, adult longevity and total life periods was recorded on. Do cowpea beetles callosobruchus maculatus display oviposition strategies and is light a factor. Beck department of biology, emory university christopher.
Callosobruchus, bean weevil, egg maturation, oviducts, oviposition. Studies on the life history and ovi positional preference of. Bambara groundnut seeds are liable to a simultaneous attack by two species of bruchidae, callosobruchus subinnotatus pic and particularly by callosobruchus maculatus f. The cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus fabricius coleoptera. The average length and breadth of male and female adult was 3. Mortality factors affecting callosobruchus maculatus f. Consequences of inbreeding for the cowpea seed beetle. Ambayeba muimbakankolongo, in food crop production by smallholder farmers in southern africa, 2018. There is evidence that the size of a gift has quantitative effects on the. Callosobruchus maculatus an overview sciencedirect topics. Callosobruchus chinensis is a common species of beetle found in the bean weevil subfamily, and is known to be a pest to many stored legumes. Biology, life table and management of callosobruchus.
The genus callosobruchus was formerly in the family bruchidae. Effect of parental age and developmental rate on the production of the active form of callosobruchus maculatus. After pupation, the adult eats its way out of the egg and continues to mate. Growth and developmental responses of callosobruchus. The callosobruchus maculatus bean beetles are indigenous to west africa, and are believed to have been displaced though the movement of legume crops. Maternal age affects offspring lifespan of the seed beetle. Bean beetles lay eggs on beans and the egg turns into a larvae that burrows and feeds off the bean. Request pdf maternal age affects offspring lifespan of the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus summary 1. Nano particle of zinc oxide size 5nm and 100nm and silver nano particle 100 nm were used in this study at concentrations 100, 250, 500, 750 and ppm to know their effect on some biological aspects of the southern cowpea beetle callosobruchus maculatus fab.
However, the effect of seedcoat colour on oviposition decision has remained unclear. Studies on the life history and ovi positional preference. Life history of flight morph females of callosobruchus. The life cycle of callosobruchus maculatus revolves around seeds of its host plant. Bruchidae, is a worldwide insect pest that infests pulses in the fields and seeds in storage. However, in colder climates lifespans typically range from three to four weeks.
Bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus, a model system for. The genitalia of male seed beetles callosobruchus maculatus figure 4 possess a large number of spines that penetrate the reproductive track of females during copulation and cause internal injuries crudgington and sivajothy, 2000. The duration of the life cycle ranged from 18 to 28 days. Blumer, professor of biology, morehouse college excerpted from a handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. Pods of cowpea stored for 8 months could have as much as 50 % of the grains damaged by c. Insecticidal toxicity of two bruchidresistant cowpea.
Females laid more eggs onto the brown than white area under both low and high beetle densities. Seedcoat colour affects oviposition in the bean beetle. Raj, mating, oviposition, fecundity and longevity of callosobruchus. Laboratory studies of insect behaviour and pest control. Insecticidal activity of three indian plant extracts against.
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